Heat 1 tbsp sesame oil in a large pot over medium-high. Add tofu and a pinch of salt.
Cook 6 to 8 minutes, turning, until golden on most sides. Transfer to a plate.
Build the broth
In the same pot, add remaining 1 tbsp sesame oil over medium heat.
Add cabbage, bell pepper, and carrots. Cook 3 to 4 minutes, stirring, until slightly softened.
Stir in curry paste, curry powder, garam masala, garlic, and ginger. Cook 1 minute until fragrant.
Pour in vegetable broth and coconut milk. Season with salt and pepper. Bring to a gentle simmer.
Finish the bowl
Return tofu to the pot. Add noodles and simmer 8 to 10 minutes, or until noodles are al dente, stirring occasionally.
Stir in spinach until wilted, 1 to 2 minutes.
Turn off heat. Stir in lime juice. Taste and adjust salt, tang, or curry paste.
Serve hot with cilantro, chili slices, and lime wedges.
Notes
Instant Pot: Use Sauté for tofu and vegetables, then add broth, coconut milk, and noodles. Pressure cook on High 3 minutes, quick release, then stir in spinach and lime.Leftovers: Store noodles separately from broth so they do not turn mushy. Reheat broth gently and cook fresh noodles if possible.Vegan check: Many curry pastes contain shrimp paste or fish sauce. Read labels before serving.Milder option: Start with 1 tbsp curry paste and skip fresh chili garnish for kids.